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Active and Passive Voice



·         DEFINITION OF ACTIVE VOICE
In grammar, an active voice is a type of a clause or sentence in which a subject performs an action and expresses it through its representative verb. To simply put it, when a subject performs an action directly, it is in active voice. It then uses transitive verb to show the action.
The Pattern of Active Voice: Subject+ Verb 1+ Object


·         DEFINITION OF PASSIVE VOICE

The passive voice is a style of writing where what would be the object of a sentence becomes the subject of the sentence.


The Pattern of Passive Voice:   Subject+ form of ‘to be’ + past participle of verb+
      by + object

·         THE CHARACTERISTIC OF ACTIVE VOICE

1.      The subject of sentence in active form is at the starting of the sentence.
2.      Subject is followed by the form of ‘to be’, verb and object.
3.      We can say that verb is in the Active Voice.
4.      An active voice tells clearly about the action who has done it.
·         THE CHARACTERISTIC OF PASSIVE VOICE

1.      The subject of sentence in active form is at the starting of the sentence.
2.      Subject is followed by the form of ‘to be’, verb and object.
3.      We can say that verb is in the Active Voice.
4.      An active voice tells clearly about the action who has done it.
 *Transitive verbs is a verb that takes a direct object, that “feels incomplete” without a direct 
    object. They are either active voice or passive voice
1.                  Transitive active verbs are the verbs in sentences with a direct object.    
          SUBJECT + VERB + DIRECT OBJECT
           The example:  i drink soda

      2.  Transitive passive verbs these transfer their action to the subject. that means that the subject is 
           the subject receiver of the action.

           Transitive passive verbs always have one of the following as a helping verb:  is, am, 
           are, was, were, be, being, or been as an auxiliary.

           The example:   soda is drunk by me





KINDS OF TENSES

Simple Present Tense :
Active : Subject + infinitive + object
e.g : The grocer sells fresh vegetables.

Passive : S + to be + past participle + by object
e.g : Fresh vegetables are sold by the grocer.

Present Continuous Tense :
Active : Subject + to be (is, am, are) being + present participle + object
e.g : My boss is giving many assignments.

Passive : S + to be (is, am, are) + being + past participle + by object
e.g : Many assignments are being given by my boss.


Present Perfect Tense :
Active : Subject + has/have + past participle + object
e.g : I have taken him out.

Passive : S + have/has been + past participle + by object
e.g :  He has been taken out by me.

Simple Past Tense :
Active : Subject + past participle + object
e.g : He built a large house.

Passive : S + was/were + past participle + by object
e.g : A large house was built by him.

Past Continuous Tense :
Active : S + was/were + being + past participle + object
e.g : She was cooking dinner.
Passive : S + was/were + being + past participle +by object
e.g :  Dinner was being cooked by her.
Past Perfect Tense :
Active : Subject + had + past participle + object
e.g : She had posted the letter.

Passive : S + had been + past participle + by object
e.g : The letter had been posted by her.

Simple Future Tense :

Active : Subject + will + infinitive + object
e.g : I will give you a present.

Passive : S + will + be + past participle + by object
e.g : A present will be given to you by me.

Future Perfect Tense :
Active : Subject + would + infinitive + object
e.g : The doctor shall have examined ten patients by 10 O’clock.

Passive : S + would + be + past participle + by object
e.g : Ten patients will have been examined by 10 O’clock by the doctor.

MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS
Auxiliary verb in passive voice: be

CAN
Active: She can play a violin.
She cannot play a violin.
Can she play a violin ?
Passive: A violin can be played by her.
A violin cannot be played by her.
Can a violin be played by her ?
MAY
Active: I may buy the computer.
I may not buy the computer.
May I buy the computer ?
Passive: The computer may be bought by me.
The computer may not be bought by me.
May the computer be bought by me ?
 MIGHT
Active: Guests might play chess.
Guests might not play chess.
Passive: Chess might be played by guests.
Chess might not be played guests.
SHOULD
Active: Students should study all lessons.
Students should not study all lessons.
Should students study all lessons ?
Passive: All lessons should be studied by students.
All lessons should not be studied by students.
Should all lessons be studied by students ?

MUST
Active: You must learn the test-taking strategies.
You must not learn the test-taking strategies.
Passive: Test-taking strategies must be learnt by you.
Test-taking strategies must not be learned by you.

OUGHT TO
Active: They ought to take the examination.
Passive: The examination ought to be taken by them.













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